倾听很难吗 本课重点 一、倾听不仅只是听见 二、倾听的六个阶段 三、听与说的"时间差" 四、注意力曲线 Hi, this is Alice. 大家好 我是Alice As a speaker, 作为演讲者 have you ever experienced something like this: 你是否有过这样的经历 When you are standing on the stage 你站在台上 all the audience just seem to 台下的观众 bury their heads on their cell phones, 似乎都在低着头玩手机 putting on a poker face, 面无表情 and not listening to you at all? 根本没有听你讲 Though you have to keep talking, 尽管你一直在说 you go crazy in your mind and start to blame your audience. 但心中却在抓狂 并且责备观众 "Why not listen to me?!" 为什么不听我演讲 In one of Shakespeare's most famous lines. 马克·安东尼曾借用莎士比亚最著名的一句话 Mark Antony calls on his fellow Romans to 来呼吁罗马人 "lend me your ears". "把耳朵借我" If you want to win your audience's hearts, 想抓住听众的心 first you have to win their ears. 就要先抓住他们的耳朵 However, 然而 you definitely cannot just shout to your audience that 你不能对着他们吼 "Come on! Lend me your ears!" 嘿 把耳朵借我一下 Well, lending ears is not so easy, 让听众听你演讲确实不容易 because listening is very hard. 因为倾听是一件很困难的事 Listening is very hard? 听很困难吗 Yes, listening is very very hard. 确实 倾听非常困难 Think about your listening tests, 回想一下你参加的听力考试 You may still remember the fear of 你应该还记得被 "listening comprehension, part 1, section A"? "听力理解 第一部分 第一篇"支配的恐惧吧 Scientific research shows that 研究表明 listening involves several different stages 倾听是一个包含多个阶段的过程 and it is a very complicated process. 而且非常复杂 In our daily life, 日常生活中 we always say, "I am hearing you!" 我们总会说 "我听见你说的了" But hearing and listening are quite different. 但是听见和倾听是不同的 Have you ever done something like this? 你有过这样的经历吗 When your parents keep on talking and talking to you, 父母滔滔不绝 when your teacher is standing on the stage, 老师站在讲台上 you just automatically shut your ears. 而你却自然而然地当作耳旁风 It seems that you are hearing 他们说的话你都听见了 but you are not listening. 但这不是倾听 Do you think you are listening to me now? 你觉得现在你是在倾听我 Or are you just hearing me? 还是只在听见我说的话呢 So what is hearing? What is listening? 那"听见"和"倾听"分别是什么呢 Hearing, "听见" is only an automatic reaction of the sense and nervous system. 只是神经和感官系统的自然反应 It is a biological reaction. 是一种生理反应 Listening, 而"倾听" is the "receiving" part of the communication process. 则是沟通的一部分 When we translate them into Chinese, 翻译成中文的话 hearing may be "ting jian", "ting dao". "hearing"就是"听见" "听到" while listening can be "qing ting", "ling ting". 而"listening"就是"倾听" "聆听" As a speaker, 作为演讲者 you need to realize that 你要知道 your audience can automatically hear you, 听众自然都会听到你说的话 but they won't automatically listen to you. 但他们却不会下意识地去倾听你 This means that you need to make your speech easy 也就是说 你的演讲必须要足够简明 and clear enough for your audience to receive your message 听众才能接收到你传达的信息 and listen to you as soon as they hear your speech. 一听到你开口就倾听你 Now, listen to the following clip. 现在 我们来听听这个音频 What did you hear? 听到了什么 How much can you understand? 听懂了多少 Well, let's listen to it again. 我们再听一次 This time, it is much easier, right? 这次就简单多了吧 Actually, listening is more complicated than hearing. 其实倾听比听到复杂很多 It's not just one-way in, one-way out. 倾听不是左耳进右耳出 It involves 6 stages: 可以分为六个阶段 Receive. 接收 Comprehend. 理解 Interpret. 解读 Evaluate. 评价 Respond. 反应 And remember. 以及记忆 While you are speaking, 你在讲的时候 the audience are doing a lot of work to listen to you, 听众也在很努力地倾听 and to digest your speech. 消化你的演讲 Now, you may start to understand 现在 你可能就明白 why sometimes your audience are not listening to you, 为什么听众有时候不听你讲的内容了吧 because listening is very hard. 因为倾听非常困难 Scientific research shows that 科学研究表明 our listeners would only remember 听众只记得住 10% to 25% after a speech. 10%-25%的内容 Ten to twenty five percent. 10%至25% No matter how hard they try, 无论他们多认真 they cannot remember the whole speech. 听众也记不住整篇演讲 Therefore, 所以 don't blame your audience for not listening to you. 不要怪听众不听你讲 Don't blame your boyfriends for not listening to you 不要怪男朋友不听你说话 and don't blame yourself for not listening to your parents! 也别因为自己不听家长的话而自责 As a speaker, 作为演讲者 your goal is to help your listeners decide 你的目标就是 what information is important, 帮助听众发现重要信息 and to help them remember it as long as possible. 并且尽可能记得久一些 So, don't make your speech too difficult. 所以不要把演讲写得太难 Public speaking is not about showing that 公众演讲的目的不是要告诉大家 "I am expert", "I am wonderful", "我是这方面的专家" "我很厉害" but to help your audience remember your speech 而是帮助听众 and what you say. 记住你的演讲内容 After a speech, ask your audience. 在演讲结束后 可以问问听众 "What do you remember from my speech?" 你们记住了什么 "How much can you remember?" 记住了多少 If they can still remember something after one month. 如果一个月后他们还能记住一些内容 Congratulations, you have made a successful speech. 那么恭喜你 你的演讲很成功 Since listening is a very complicated process. 因为倾听是一个非常复杂的过程 it takes much longer time for us 所以消化一则信息的时间 to process information than just speaking it out. 会比我们在演讲中传达信息的时间更多 This causes the "rate gap" between listening and speaking. 这就导致我们的听和说之间会存在"时间差" Let's imagine that you are speaking with a teacher 大家想象一下 你正在和老师说话 and the teacher mentions your best friend. 老师提到了你的好朋友 For just a moment, you start thinking about 你就会开始想 what you and your best friend 你和你最好的朋友 are planning to do this weekend. 周末会有什么活动 You follow that thought longer than you intended 而且你会在这个想法上停留很长时间 and then suddenly remember the teacher. 然后突然想起面前还有个老师 "Whoops! What did he just say?" "天啊 老师刚刚说了啥" This is because our minds and mouths 这是因为我们的大脑和嘴巴 work at different rates. 工作的速度不同 We speak much faster than we process information. 我们说话的速度大于我们消化理解的速度 It takes time for us to understand, digest 要去理解 消化 and memorize the information. 记忆一则信息需要花费时间 This is the gap. 时间上存在一个差距 The rate gap helps explain 这个时间差解释了 why our minds sometimes start to wander while we listen. 为什么有时候我们听着听着就会走神 What's more, 而且 time of our mind focus is just like a curve. 注意力时长的变化呈弧线形 It is hard for us to keep on focusing on one thing 要在某件事上集中注意力超过十分钟 for over 10 minutes. 是非常困难的 We start to get absent-minded, 我们会慢慢开始走神 doze, think about lunch, 发呆 想中午吃什么 and think about travelling on weekends. 想着周末要出去浪 Experienced speakers know 有经验的演讲者知道 how to adjust their speech for their audience. 如何根据观众来调整演讲 They may start to tell some jokes, slow down 他们会在开头讲点笑话 放慢节奏 or have a rest. 或者中途休息一下 This allows the audience to digest your speech 这样就可以给观众时间来消化你的演讲 and refocus. 重新集中注意力 Therefore, 所以 listening is really hard. 倾听非常困难 As speakers, 作为演讲者 we should ease the burden on our audience: 我们要为听众减负 never speak fast, 不要讲太快 speak steadily and clearly 语速稳定 发音清楚 and leave time for our audience to think and catch up. 给观众思考和理解的时间 I hope that after this class, 希望这节课后 you will always remember listening is very, very, very hard! 大家能明白倾听非常非常困难 Only when you realize this, 只有意识到这一点 and adjust your speech accordingly, 而且对演讲做出相应的调整 your audience will start to automatically 听众才会自然而然地 "lend their ears to you," "把耳朵借你" and keep on listening to you. 一直倾听你的演讲 That's all of today, thank you. 这节课就讲到这里 谢谢 请记住本课重点
