We have spoken a number of different times about the importance of knowledge, tools, and courage for leaders. Let's offer a few thoughts on what those three words mean to us. Leaders need the knowledge to understand how we have framed our current circumstances. And how this particular way of understanding both constrains and could be used to empower our ability to act. That's what knowledge means. And knowledge can only be expressed effectively through tools that are provided to leaders, that can be used to foster change where it is needed. And most importantly, perhaps, tools to communicate a vision that others can understand and support. This is a different way of thinking about tools, not those that are put in the hands of an artist, but tools that are publicly understood, publicly examined, publicly available, so others can translate their understanding into commitment, and into action. And, perhaps, the least well defined term. One, that is no less important, because it's hard to pin down, is the courage we need, first of all, to recognize our own assumptions, and then to recognize differences that exist between contrasting frameworks. And the various perspectives that are held by individuals and groups that we represent. Even courage is necessary to challenge what we know and how we think we know it to be. Knowledge, tools, and courage are all important to the concept of moving from awareness, to understanding, to commitment, to action. And if courage is to be a value, if courage is to be something that we represent, we have to begin by summoning the courage to state and to defend it as a value. Let's translate this back to our model for change. Along with the leaders knowledge, with their carefully constructed and 360 degree understanding of what's occurring, they need to acquire and practice the tools that leadership requires. And then, with those in place, the courage to act, first ourselves, and then the courage to act in ways that influences commitment and action in others. This is part of the primary responsibility of a leader. Translating awareness of a problem, and its fully developed understanding, into a genuine commitment that can be sustained into behavior and towards change. Of the three primary expectations that we've talked about, in this discussion, to this point, we focused a great deal on aspects of knowledge and how those are created for us, both individually and socially. And we've introduced some tools that we believe can be helpful, both in translating in what we know, but we intend and what we desire in ways that others can act upon. Perhaps the most challenging of all three of these is courage. We need to have the courage to act ourselves and to influence action in others that reflects our responsibilities, our understanding and our values. Knowledge, tools, and courage. We'll be providing more information, more facts, more perspectives, which can help build our basis of knowledge from which we can operate. We'll be using the tools that we've already introduced, and you'll see them introduced again and further elaborated in the course as it unfolds. Encourage, we'll talk about that, too. Too often we may think courage is something we're born with, a trait that's native or natural to some, but denied to others. But courage can be nurtured and it comes, in large part, out of the other two elements. If we know what we need to do and we know we have the tools to do it, if we know that others expect it of us, and that this is our place in time, the courage will be there. You can count on it.